Volodymyr Zelenskyy—once a symbol of Ukrainian resilience and global wartime leadership—now confronts a serious domestic crisis largely of his own making. With anti-corruption institutions under threat, public demonstrations underway, and mounting international concern, his ability to rebound hinges on restoring institutional trust, honoring democratic norms, and maintaining support amid Russia’s intensifying war.
Since 2019, Zelenskyy’s journey has been defined by two distinct political arcs. Initially elected on promises of ending corruption and reforming entrenched political elites, he faced early disappointment when progress lagged. His popularity dipped dramatically through 2021 alongside stalled reforms and unclear leadership direction. Critics argued he had overpromised and underdelivered.
The Russian invasion of 2022 marked a pivotal moment, during which Zelenskyy emerged as a leader in times of war. By choosing to stay in Kyiv, delivering daily speeches to the public, and skillfully engaging with global media, he became an international symbol, garnering Western backing and fostering national cohesion. This era shaped a fresh political agreement centered around him—a coalition born out of crisis rather than typical political processes.
Yet as wartime unity solidified his position, structural weaknesses resurfaced beneath the veneer of solidarity. Recently, legislation placing Ukraine’s two main anti-corruption bodies under executive control triggered the largest domestic backlash since the war’s start. Tens of thousands protested nationwide, while EU officials, Western allies, and even Ukrainian service members voiced alarm.
Under pressure, Zelenskyy reversed course, unveiling new legislation to restore independence to these agencies. Still, his reputation lies wounded. Critics now question whether he veers toward authoritarianism—eroding democratic foundations he pledged to uphold.
First, reaffirming transparent governance. To rebuild credibility, Zelenskyy must follow through on promises to protect NABU and SAPO from political interference. Clear, enforceable reforms endorsed by all stakeholders—including Europe’s institutions—would not erase the misstep but signal renewed accountability.
Second, engaging the public constructively. A return to consultative decision-making, visible legislative oversight, and public dialogue can begin mending trust. Protesters across Kyiv, Lviv, Odesa, and beyond represent a nationwide demand to safeguard progress since the Maidan revolution—a demand that cannot be ignored.
Third, balancing wartime urgency with democratic practice. In wartime, martial law and centralized authority may seem necessary, but extending those measures long-term strains legitimacy. Zelenskyy must clarify a timeline for restoring full democratic norms—especially elections—as military and security conditions evolve.
Fourth, achieving real improvements in governance. Scandals of corruption, economic difficulties, and administrative errors have undermined public trust. Zelenskyy needs to advance reforms—ranging from actions against oligarchs to enhancing public service efficiency—to show genuine progress beyond wartime symbolism.
Political experts propose that Zelenskyy might still have sufficient backing to withstand challenges, particularly when compared to opposition leaders who do not have his wartime prominence. Surveys show that he is more trusted than many competitors, although not by a wide margin. If elections were conducted at present, it is speculated that he might not fare well in a direct contest against figures such as the former commander-in-chief Valerii Zaluzhnyi.
Alternatively, choosing to step down willingly after serving one term might safeguard his legacy as the leader who brought the nation together during its most challenging times.
What dangers are there? If he pauses, postpones needed institutional changes, controls dissent, or indefinitely defers elections, he may risk losing support from both local civil groups and international partners. The potential for EU membership, assistance from the West, and Ukraine’s credibility depend on meeting democratic standards.
At the same time, surrendering authority too quickly or appearing fractured could destabilize wartime coordination. Striking the right balance between strong leadership and accountable rule is his most delicate challenge.
Can Zelenskyy orchestrate a revival? The opportunity is limited yet accessible. Rebuilding of anti-corruption bodies, stabilizing the economy, and transparent leadership objectives could help him regain control of the discourse. To achieve this, he must transition from ideological populism to practical diplomacy and reform.
As Ukraine faces an escalating assault by Russia, domestic weaknesses might turn into crucial vulnerabilities. Strong governance bolsters both internal stability and confidence abroad.
Whether Zelenskyy regains his stature depends on his readiness to rectify errors, allow institutional examination, and reinforce Ukraine’s democratic character. If he succeeds, he might be remembered as the leader during conflict who also respected democratic values. If unsuccessful, the past shortcomings will resurface—viewed as a continuation of Ukraine’s ongoing battle with sistema instead of a fresh start.
In the upcoming months, Zelenskyy will be challenged to prove himself not only as a leader during conflict, but also as a statesman dedicated to the revitalization of democracy in times of war and peace.
